La fulminea notorietà dello Xinjiang durante le olimpiadi mi fa un certo effetto, in quanto lo Xinjiang, di cui si è sempre parlato pochissimo, è l'unica zona della Cina that he visited in 2003 on a trip to Central Asia to the streets and boundaries that had seen few foreigners and with little infrastructure (which was part of the fun).
In fact it is a region that has little to do with the rest of the Republic of China, as inhabited by a population similar to those in Central Asia beyond the border, the Uighurs. Uyguristan is the name under which the Uighurs call their land, Xinjiang is a Chinese name, means "new frontier territories," while Eastern Turkestan seems used more for political reasons. The capital of Xinjiang is Urumqi or Urumchi, a classic example of what Rem Koolhaas called generic city, a city that has had a hectic development of wide streets and skyscrapers. Despite some signs of the previous aspect Uygur population and appearance are quite Chinese. Cities are more authentically Uygur Tulpan (for Chinese Tulufan) and especially Kashgar (the name by which the Chinese call Kashi), one of the most fascinating cities in the world, although the Chinese government pursues a program of "rehabilitation", officially for reasons of hygiene, which involves the destruction of the old town. The famous Sunday market was moved to the modern part of town.
Another objective of the central government was to reach the Chinese have a relative majority of the population in order to delegitimize the aspirations for autonomy o indipendenza della regione. Grazie a massicci incentivi alla emigrazione da altre zone della Cina, l'obiettivo è stato raggiunto qualche anno fa.
La lotta degli uyguri non è ovviamente nata con le olimpiadi. Non ho visto segni percettibili di repressione degli uyguri, ma per ovvi problemi linguistici (gli uyguri parlano una loro lingua, totalmente diversa dal cinese ufficiale) la cosa non è significativa. Non stupirebbe che le violazioni delle libertà personali in Cina fossero declinate in versione etnica verso gli uyguri.
La stampa occidentale è solita descrivere gli indipendentisti uyguri come fondamentalisti islamici. Dalla mia esperienza non è sembrato di vedere una pratica religiosa così fondamentalista (ho visto al contrario many Islamic schools in former Soviet countries like Uzbekistan): decades of state atheism somehow made their mark. On the other hand, knowing the speed with which propagates fundamentalism, I am not surprised that things had changed in the meantime: grown for human anti-Soviets in Afghanistan, not far from here, fundamentalism is out of hand in its early exploiters .
Five years ago China's economic boom was already conspicuous in regions such devices. It was amazing the difference of settlements at the border dell'Irkeshtam step. On the Kyrgyz side of the road was dirt poor and the border village consisted of rusty caravans. From the Chinese side the village consisted of houses masonry and was full of shops, the road was well paved and well marked. State capitalism in China had worked wonders. Human rights can wait.
1 - Panorama of Urumqi
2 - Mosque in Tulpan
3 - Market in Kashgar
4 - Market in Kashgar
5 - Market in Kashgar
6 - Livestock Market in Kashgar
7 - Uighurs
8 - Panorama villaggio di Irkeshtam, Kirghizistan
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