The exhibition "The Legacy of cement - District radioactive" Polish Institute was presented by the press as if the real issue was the condemnation of real socialism. For example, according to a statement he was "on the horrors of the building housing units that make up the urban landscape of much of Poland's exit from totalitarianism."
There probably would have gone anyway, since I am a big fan of architecture block. It 's a very common type of architecture in socialist countries, but not limited to (an accurate description would be "building in prefabricated panels, but in Poland they are familiarly called" blok "and I will use" blocks "or" block architecture "for the rest the post.)
In Rome, for example, there are various realizations of this type and also here is the easy correspondence between block architecture and degradation. Yet such a project by Pietro Barucci Laurentino bridges of 38 was remarkable, with the road made for cars fast because freed by pedestrians, and bridges, designed not only for the road crossing, to be a pedestrian area on two levels, with shops and services at lower than higher. But
shops and services were never carried out and the empty rooms were occupied by others homeless. The social degradation soon arrived, followed by the structural one. So a few years ago was one of the bridges destroyed by the addition of Veltroni, who distanced himself from the project came from the red and '70s, with the right che applaudiva.
L'architettura a blocchi si ispira a Le Corbusier e alla sua idea di produzione standardizzata, basata su un modulo replicabile all'infinito.
Le idee di Le Corbusier trovarono terreno fertile nella Polonia del dopoguerra perché le città erano state praticamente rase al suolo, e si erano ripopolate con massicci fenomeni di industrializzazione e urbanizzazione.
I paradigmi modernisti furono però filtrati da specifiche condizioni economiche , sociali e politiche e quindi banalizzati e semplificati. Anche quando si aspirava alla copia conforme, come la Superjednovska di Katowice con l'unité d'habitation di Marsiglia, il risultato fu una specie di fratello povero.
Gli architetti furono estromessi dai progetti in favore dei politici (unica eccezione, che diede luogo a progetti ritenuti tuttora validi, fu quella dell'architetto-politico Halina Skibniewska).
I blocchi furono visti solo come un mezzo che permettesse di risolvere rapidamente il problema della scarsità di case, in maniera facilmente amministrabile centralmente e in modo che lo spazio fosse uguale per tutti.
Negli anni '50, per un breve periodo i polacchi ambivano ad abitare nei blocchi, che costituivano effettivamente un miglioramento delle condizioni abitative.
Più tardi progetti e materiali di costruzione peggiorarono e i servizi sociali inclusi nei progetti non furono realizzati per motivi economici. L'assenza di servizi, sommata ai materiali scadenti, led to a rapid deterioration of these buildings, mainly of the interior.
In the decades after the blocks had become familiar landscape in Poland.
In the 80s, at the time of the song "Quarter radioactive" Brygada Kryzys punk group, which gives the exhibition its title, and martial law, the blocks were seen as a symbol of approval of an oppressive system.
today are inhabited mostly by people who can not afford better homes.
While in Germany, some block buildings were demolished after being abandoned by the inhabitants, Poland is not what happened.
speeches redevelopment are expected, but so far have been confined to painting in color crayon.
On the other hand after the fall of communism, there were built several blocks, but
apart from the taking of ideological distance, the new development, with gated communities and ultrasorvegliati, continued the destruction of the social fabric of the city that began with the blocks.
In Poland about 30% of housing is made of Block and live there in about ten million people, or just under 30% of the population.
If the place where he grew increasingly influence the work of an artist, what is even more true for the blocks, aspiring to shape programmatically minds of its inhabitants. Curiously
artists seem just fascinated by the most disliked of the blocks: the chance to play with the replicative form, the charm of a form monotonous and oppressive, the nostalgia for a past that no longer exists.
So for example there are models made of blocks of buildings to crochet with wire-based shoe polish furniture consists of original 70s (Julita Wojcik), a collage of photographs of real fragments of Blok, which stuck close may result in images blok that do not exist in reality (Nicolas Grospierre), a miniature blok built next to the real thing, with the outside is a copy of the original and the interior is the size of a real apartment (Maciej Kuraki). And then the cinema, con blok (1982) di Hieronim Neumann carrellata muta di vita nel blok con la telecamera che invisibile si sposta negli appartamenti e Z mojego okna - Dalla mia finestra (Jozef Robakowski) in cui un videoartista filma la vista dalla sua finestra nel quartiere Manhattan di Lodz nel corso di 21 anni con commenti ironici e amari.
Nella foto, blok ad Almaty, Guantanamo, Tallinn, Ivanovo
0 comments:
Post a Comment